I te mutunga o te tau 2023, i whakaurua e Meta (te kamupene matua o Facebook, Instagram, me WhatsApp) tētahi tauira hou ki Ūropi e tuku ana i ngā kōwhiringa ki ngā kaiwhakamahi mō te whakamahinga o ā rātou raraunga whaiaro i roto i ngā pānuitanga. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko "Utu, Whakaaetanga rānei," e rua ngā kōwhiringa e tukuna ana e tēnei tauira:
Ohaurunga utu kore pānuitanga whaiaro: ka utua e te kaiwhakamahi he utu marama (tata ki te €7.99 ia marama) hei tirotiro i ēnei whatunga pāpori me te kore pānuitanga whaiaro, ko te tikanga ka oati a Meta ki te kore e whakamahi i ngā raraunga whaiaro a te kaiohauru mō ngā kaupapa arotahi pānuitanga. Arā, ko te hunga e utu ana ka whiwhi tūmataitinga taapiri.
Te whakamahinga kore utu me te pānuitanga whaiaro: ka whiriwhiri te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakamahi tonu i ngā tūāpapa mō te kore utu, engari ka whakaae ki te kohikohi me te tukatuka i ā rātou raraunga whaiaro kia arotahihia ai ngā pānuitanga e whakaaturia ana i runga i tā rātou kōtaha me ā rātou mahi. I tēnei wā, ka kohia e Meta ngā mōhiohio pēnei i ngā mahi pāpāho pāpori, ngā hoapā, me ngā raraunga taputapu a te kaiwhakamahi hei wehewehe i ngā pānuitanga e whakaaturia ana.
I tīmata te ohaurunga i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2023 mō ngā kaiwhakamahi i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi, me Huiterangi. I te tīmatanga, ko te utu paerewa i pānuitia he €9.99 ia marama (putanga tukutuku) he €12.99 rānei i runga i te iOS/Android, e kapi ana i te pūkete kotahi; ka tāpirihia he utu marama mō ngā pūkete hono atu. Heoi, i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2024, whai muri i te kōrero ki ngā kaiwhakahaere, i whakaitihia e Meta ēnei utu mā te 40% pea, ki te €5.99 (tukutuku) me te €7.99 (pūrere pūkoro) ia marama, me te €4-5 mō ia pūkete tāpiri. Ko te whāinga o tēnei whakaiti he whakangāwari ake i te urunga atu ki te ratonga me te aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga o ngā mana whakahaere o Ūropi.
He aha i tangohia ai e Meta tēnei tikanga? (GDPR me te pēhanga ture)
Kāore i te tūao te whakatinanatanga o te tauira utu i Ūropi, engari i akiakihia e ngā whakaritenga ture pakari. E rua ngā ture Ūropi kei te pūtake o tēnei kōrero: ko te Ture Tiaki Raraunga Whānui (GDPR) me te Ture Mākete Mamati (DMA). Nā te GDPR, mai i te tau 2018, i whakakaha ake te hiahia mō te whakaaetanga kore utu, whai whakaaro, me te mārama mō te tukatuka raraunga whaiaro – inā koa mō ngā kaupapa pēnei i te pānuitanga whanonga. Ko te DMA hou ake nei ka whakatakoto i ngā herenga motuhake ki ngā kamupene hangarau nui hei whakatairanga i te whakataetae me te tiaki kaiwhakamahi nui ake. Hei tauira, inaianei ka āraia e te DMA te aroturuki whānui i ngā kaiwhakamahi mō ngā pānuitanga kua tohua me te kore he whakaaetanga mārama.
I runga i te horopaki o Ūropi, ka ara ake te pātai: ka taea e te LGPD (Brazilian General Data Protection Law) o Brazil te akiaki i tētahi tauira ōrite ki konei?
Ahakoa kāore anō a Meta kia whakatinana mana i tētahi kaupapa ohaurunga kore-pānui i Brazil, kei reira ngā tohu e whakaatu ana ka rerekē pea tēnei. Ko te pūtake matua ko te whanaketanga o te tono o te LGPD (Brazilian General Data Protection Law). I ngā tau tata nei, kua kaha ake te mahi a te National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) me te kaha ake ki te tirotiro i ngā kamupene hangarau nui. Hei tauira, i te marama o Hūrae 2024, i whakahau te ANPD kia whakamutua ngā wāhanga o te kaupapa here tūmataiti hou a Meta i Brazil, i whakaaetia ai te whakamahinga o ngā raraunga i whakaputaina e ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakangungu i ngā pūnaha matauranga horihori, me te whakahua i ngā taunakitanga o te takahi i te LGPD. I roto i tēnei whakataunga, i tohu te mana whakahaere ki ngā raruraru pēnei i te koretake o te turanga ture, te kore o te māramatanga, me ngā herenga ki ngā tika o ngā kaupapa raraunga, tae atu ki te whakatakoto i te whiu ia rā mō te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
Ahakoa i pā tēnei take ki te whakamahinga o ngā raraunga mō te AI, he mārama te karere, ā, e tika ana hoki mō ētahi atu wāhanga: kāore te ANPD (Brazilian National Data Protection Authority) e mangere ki te wawao i ngā mahi e kiia ana e rātou he mahi tukino, kāore hoki he take ture. Tērā pea ka tirotirohia ngā pānuitanga whaiaro ā muri ake nei.
Ko tētahi atu mea hei whakaaroaro ko te whakahāngaitanga ā-ao. Ko ngā kamupene o te ao e rapu ana i tētahi momo ōritetanga i roto i ngā kaupapa here, ahakoa mō te whaihua o te mahi. Mena kua hangaia e Meta te hanganga mō te tauira ohaurunga "kore pānuitanga" i Ūropi, he mea tika kia arotakehia e ia te whakawhānui atu ki ētahi atu rohe e ai ki ngā whakaritenga ture.
Ahakoa kāore he herenga mārama (i tēnei wā) i roto i te LGPD (Ture Tiaki Raraunga Whānui o Brazil) ki te tuku i tētahi putanga kore-pānui, e whakatakoto ana te ture i tētahi kawenga mō te mārama katoa mō ngā raraunga ka kohia me te kaupapa. Mena ka whakamahia whānuitia e tētahi whatunga pāpori ngā raraunga whaiaro hei hua pānuitanga, me mārama rawa tēnei ki te kaiwhakamahi, ko wai hoki te mana ki te kore whakaae, ki te whakakore rānei i te whakaaetanga i hoatu. Ko te kore o ngā huarahi kē atu – arā, te akiaki i te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakaae ki ngā pānuitanga kua tohua, ki te whakarērea rānei te ratonga – ka taea te whakamārama he whakaaetanga kore mana (nā te akiaki) i raro i te LGPD. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ko te tuku i tētahi huarahi kē atu utu me te kore kohikohi raraunga ka taea te kite hei huarahi ki te whakamana i te whakaae a te hunga e whiriwhiri ana ki te haere tonu me te putanga kore utu. Kāore e miharo ki te kite i te ANPD (Mana Tiaki Raraunga Motu o Brazil) tae noa ki te Ture e pātai ana i te herekoretanga o te kaiwhakamahi Brazil mena kāore he kōwhiringa tūturu. Ko te noho o tētahi ohaurunga utu, ahakoa he tautohenga pea (nā te mea he utu mō te tūmataitinga), i te iti rawa ka puta he kōwhiringa mō te kaupapa raraunga – ka taea te tiaki ture.
Nō reira, tera pea ka puta tēnei tauira "utu, whakaae rānei" i Brazil? I roto i te ariā, āe, ā, he tautohe ture, he tautohe rautaki hoki hei whakapono he mea noa iho te wā ka kite tātou i tētahi mea rite.
I tētahi atu taha, me mārama ngā wero. Kāore i rite ki te EU, kāore a Brazil i te pūnaha whakahaere kotahi pērā i te GDPR + DMA + DSA; ko te LGPD (Brazilian General Data Protection Law) anake te mahi mō tēnei kaupapa. Kei reira anō hoki ngā whakaaro ōhanga: ko te tauira kore utu, tautokona e te pānuitanga te mea e āhei ai te urunga whānui ki ngā whatunga pāpori. Tērā pea kāore te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi o Brazil e pai ki te utu i te utu ohaurunga, ā, e mataku ana a Meta kei ngaro te whai wāhi (me te moni whiwhi pānuitanga) i roto i tētahi mākete nui. Nō reira, ka taea e te kamupene te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi āta haere: tuatahi, te whakanui ake i te māramatanga me te whakahaere i te whakakore i ngā pānuitanga whaiaro; kātahi, ki te tika, te whakamātautau i tētahi ohaurunga kore pānuitanga me ngā rōpū iti, ngā rohe motuhake rānei, kātahi ka whakarewa whānui ake mēnā he pēhanga ture tūturu.
Hei whakamutunga, kei te LGPD (Brazilian General Data Protection Law) te kaha ki te huri i te huarahi e whakahaerehia ai te hokohoko mamati i Brazil. Ahakoa te ahua tawhiti o te "mea hou" o te utu €7.99 ia marama mō tō tūmataitinga, kua kore e taea te whakaaro. Kua whakaatuhia e te Kotahitanga o Europi tētahi ara, ā, ahakoa kāore a Brazil e tārua me te whakapiri noa i ā rātou otinga, he rite tonu te ariā matua: te hoatu ki ngā kaiwhakamahi te mana whakatau tūturu mō ā rātou raraunga. Me aro nui ngā tohunga tūmataitinga, te tutuki i ngā ture, me ngā ture mamati: me tuku tohutohu pea rātou ki ā rātou kiritaki, ki ā rātou kamupene rānei mō ngā tauira ohaurunga me ngā pānuitanga whaiaro i konei. Ā, ina tupu tēnā, ka whakaū ko te ahurea tiaki raraunga, e peia ana e te LGPD, kua tino huri i ngā ture o te kēmu i te mākete o Brazil.
