Ubwikorezi bw'imizigo mu muhanda bwinjiye mu 2026 bufite ikigereranyo kigoye kuringaniza. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa bikomeje kwiyongera. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushobozi bwo kongerera iki giciro cy'imizigo buracyari mu nkengero z'isoko rikomeje kuba ridakomeye, riterwa n'inyungu, ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa mu buryo butari bwo, n'inyungu nke mu nganda, ubucuruzi n'ubuhinzi.
Mazutu, urwego rw'ingenzi rutanga umusanzu, rungana na 35% by'ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'ibigo by'ubwikorezi byo muri Brezili, nk'uko bivugwa na NTC & Logística. Kubwibyo, ihindagurika iryo ari ryo ryose ry'ibiciro bya lisansi rigira ingaruka ku biciro by'imizigo n'inyungu z'ibigo by'ubwikorezi.
Muri Werurwe 2026, ikiguzi cy’imizigo yo mu muhanda cyiyongereyeho 3.36%, kigera kuri R$ 7.99 kuri kilometero imwe, nk'uko bigaragara muri Edenred Repom Road Freight Index. Muri icyo gihe, ANTT yavuguruye imbonerahamwe y’ibiciro by’imizigo ntarengwa bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya mazutu, izamura igipimo cyo kwimuka kiva kuri R$ 5.986/km kigera kuri R$ 6.368/km.
Nk’uko Célio Martins, umuyobozi mushya w’ubucuruzi muri Transvias abivuga, ikibazo ntikiri mu ibiciro biri hejuru gusa, ahubwo kiri no mu muvuduko ibi biciro bigera ku mucuruzi.
Agira ati: “Urwego rw’ubwikorezi rubona ibintu byose vuba cyane. Iyo ibiciro bya mazutu bizamutse, iyo inguzanyo ihenze, iyo ikoreshwa rigabanutse, ikigo gishinzwe ubwikorezi kibyumva mbere y’abandi benshi. Ikibazo ni uko kidashobora guhora gitanga ibyo biciro ku muvuduko umwe. Inyungu igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro.”.
Ibibera ku rwego mpuzamahanga nabyo byongera igitutu. Ikibazo cy’ingufu ku isi giherutse kuba, cyatewe n’intambara muri Irani n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya peteroli bigera hafi ku madolari 110 kuri buri kirahuri, byatumye ibihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo bifata ingamba zo kugabanya ingaruka ku bikomoka kuri peteroli. Muri Brezili, guverinoma yatangaje ko ishyigikiye ishami rya mazutu, gaze, n’iry’indege, ndetse no kugabanya imisoro kuri mazutu na gaze itetse, nk’uko El País ibivuga.
Mu by’ukuri, nubwo habayeho kugerageza kugabanya ingaruka ku muguzi, urwego rw’umusaruro rukomeza guhura n’ibibazo by’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Amakamyo yishingikiriza kuri mazutu, ibice byayo, amapine, kubungabunga, ubwishingizi, abakozi n’amafaranga. Iyo ibi bintu bizamutse icyarimwe, imikorere irushaho kuba mibi.
Ingorane zigaragara no mu kuvugurura amato. Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na Transporte Moderno agaragaza ko amakamyo yagurishijwe yagabanutseho ibirenze 15% mu mezi ane ya mbere ya 2026, bigaragaza imiterere mibi y’ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda, irangwa n’inyungu nyinshi, ikiguzi cya mazutu, n’ubwitonzi bwinshi mu ishoramari.
“Ikamyo ni yo mutungo nyamukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu. Iyo amakamyo agurishijwe, bigaragaza ko uru rwego ruri gusubika ishoramari. Amasosiyete menshi akomeje gukora, ariko afite amato ashaje, kubungabunga bihenze cyane, kandi ubushobozi buke bwo kuvugurura imikorere,” nk’uko Martins abisobanura.
Ikindi kibazo gihangayikishije ni ibikorwa remezo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na CNT bwerekana ko imiterere mibi y'umuhanda yongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'abatwara abagenzi. Mu 2025, iki kibazo cyari gutuma habaho andi mafaranga angana na litiro miliyari 1.2 za mazutu, bikagira ingaruka ku kiguzi cy'urwego.
Ku bohereza ibicuruzwa, ingaruka ni ugufata imizigo nk'ikiguzi cyo kugabanya ikiguzi. Nk'uko Martins abivuga, iki gitekerezo gishobora kugira ingaruka zinyuranye.
Agira ati: “Iyo ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi kiri hasi mu buryo bw’ubukorano, umuntu yishyura igiciro. Ashobora kuba ari umutwara ibicuruzwa, afite inyungu iri hasi. Ashobora kuba ari umutwara ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’ibitinda no gutakaza ubuziranenge. Ashobora kuba umuguzi, hamwe n’igiciro kiri hejuru nyuma. Ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi kigomba kuganirwaho mu buryo bw’ubwenge, atari ukubera igiciro gito gusa.”.
Ni muri urwo rwego amakuru n'igenamigambi biba ingenzi. Transvias ikurikirana ibibazo by'imizigo mu turere dutandukanye n'imiterere y'imizigo, bigatuma habaho kureba impinduka mu myitwarire mbere yuko zigaragara mu bipimo byemewe.
Martins agira ati: “Mu bubiko bwacu bw’amakuru, dushobora kubona igihe urwego rutangiye kubona igabanuka ry’ibibazo, igihe akarere gatakaza imbaraga, cyangwa igihe gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gutwara imizigo byiyongera. Ubu bwoko bw’isesengura bufasha abatwara imizigo n’abatwara imizigo gufata ibyemezo byiza.”.
Transvias yiyongereyeho 21.95% mu mubare wose w’ibibazo by’imizigo ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Iri zamuka ryerekana ko, bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro, abatwara ibicuruzwa barimo kongera imbaraga mu gutanga ibiciro no gushaka abafatanyabikorwa bashya kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ingengo y’imari.
Amakuru aturuka kuri uru rubuga agaragaza ko rw’ubucuruzi bushingiye kuri interineti n’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi ari rwo ruyoboye ukwiyongera kw’abakenera gutwara ibintu, aho rwazamutseho 12%. Mu buryo bunyuranye, rw’ubwubatsi rwagaragaje igabanuka rikomeye, aho ibibazo by’ubwikorezi bwinshi n’imizigo iremereye byagabanutseho 8%.
Twabonye impinduka igaragara mu myitwarire: icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa bike kurusha ibikomoka ku makamyo (LTL) no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyariyongereyeho 18% mu mezi ashize. Ibi bigaragaza ko amasosiyete ari kwirinda kwegeranya ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi agahitamo kohereza ibicuruzwa bike kandi kenshi kugira ngo agumane amafaranga menshi.
Mu mwaka wa 2026, icyo gikorwa kigaragaza ko isoko rizaba ryihariye. Abatwara ibicuruzwa bagomba kugenzura neza ibiciro, guhitamo ibikorwa byiza, no kwirinda ibiciro by'imizigo bidatanga imiterere y'imikorere. Abatwara ibicuruzwa nabo bazakenera kumva ko imikorere myiza y'ibicuruzwa idashingiye gusa ku giciro, ahubwo ishingira no ku buryo ibintu biteganijwe, ubufatanye, n'igenamigambi.
Martins agira ati: "Ubwikorezi mu muhanda ni imwe mu nzego za mbere zumva ingaruka z'ubukungu nyakuri. Iyo buri mu gitutu, ni ikimenyetso cy'uko uruhererekane rwose rugomba kwitabwaho.".
