Mu bucuruzi, gucunga imisoro ni akazi katoroshye, karimo gutanga inyemezabuguzi, gukurikirana impinduka mu mategeko, no kubara imisoro. Gukora ibi bikorwa mu buryo bwikora ni ingenzi kugira ngo bigabanye akazi gakorwa n'intoki kandi bigabanye amakosa y'abantu, bigatuma abakozi bibanda ku mirimo ikomeye.
Birazwi ko muri Brezili, ubuyobozi bw’ibiro bishinzwe inyandiko z’imisoro nabwo bufite inyungu: turi kimwe mu bihugu bike bishyira hamwe amakuru yerekeye ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’imisoro mu nyandiko imwe, ikaba yemewe kandi ishobora kugenzurwa. Byongeye kandi, buri fagitire irimo amashami arenga 600, menshi muri yo yemejwe n’inzego z’imisoro ubwazo, akubiyemo amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi bwawe, ibicuruzwa, umucuruzi, n’umucuruzi. Kubwibyo, uretse inshingano zose zijyanye n’imisoro n’amabwiriza, fagitire itanga kandi inyungu ku bazi kuyisesengura no gutanga amakuru yerekeye amashami yayo.
Marcus Araújo, Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Amakuru n’Ikoranabuhanga muri Arquivei, urubuga rushinzwe gucunga inyandiko z’imisoro ku bigo birenga 140.000, yagize ati: “Ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi mu kubahiriza amategeko no kunoza imicungire y’imisoro, ariko kandi rinahindura amakuru mu buryo bw’ingamba mu gihe gito. Mu gihe cy’uburambe bwabyo, bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibiro by’imisoro mu nyungu zipiganwa, ingenzi mu kubaho no mu iterambere rirambye mu bucuruzi bugezweho .”
Impuguke isobanura akamaro ko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu micungire y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, inatanga ibitekerezo ku buryo bwo gukoresha amakuru y’imisoro kugira ngo ubucuruzi burusheho kumererwa neza.
Imicungire y'imisoro mu buryo bw'ingamba
Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu ya ERP, porogaramu y’imicungire y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura neza imicungire. Ibi birimo gucunga ibiciro, kubara inyungu, gushyiraho ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, kugenzura ububiko, no gutanga inyemezabuguzi. Sisitemu y’imikorere ihuza ibice bitandukanye by’ikigo, kunoza imirimo no kongera imikorere n’ubushobozi bw’imari.
“Mu bunararibonye bwanjye, isesengura rifite ingamba zagutse rikoresha 80 kugeza kuri 90% by'igihe gikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi no guhuza amakuru; ni ukuvuga ko, kuri buri masaha 10 y'akazi, amasaha 2 mu by'ukuri agenewe isesengura. Byongeye kandi, bishobora gufata verisiyo 3 kugeza kuri 4 mbere y'uko icyemezo gifatwa. Kugira sisitemu ya ERP ihujwe n'amasoko yose y'amakuru y'ingirakamaro kandi ateguye neza bishobora kugarura igihe gikoreshwa mu gusukura amakuru no kugabanya igihe cyo gufata ibyemezo, hamwe n'inshuro eshanu z'umusaruro n'isesengura ryimbitse,” Araújo arasuzuma.
Guhuza sisitemu za ERP n'uburyo bwo kwihutisha amakuru y'imisoro birakenewe cyane kugira ngo abacuruzi bafate ibyemezo bisobanutse kandi binoze. Gukuramo no gusesengura amakuru y'imisoro bituma abacuruzi bamenya imiterere y'ibyo bagura, ibihe by'umwaka, n'ibyo abaguzi bakunda. Aya makuru ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza ububiko no gutegura neza ibikorwa byo kwamamaza.
“Mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi, hakorwa ingano zitandukanye z’inyemezabuguzi. Hari amasosiyete agomba gutumiza inyemezabuguzi amagana make buri kwezi, andi agatunganya inyemezabuguzi miliyoni 30 ku kwezi. Urugero rwiza rw’ibi rwabayeho ubwo ikigo kinini cy’ubucuruzi cyakeneraga kugabanya amakosa mu guhuza amabwiriza yo kugura n’inyemezabuguzi ziturutse ku bacuruzi bacyo. Gutinda no gutsindwa muri iki gikorwa byagize ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’imikorere muri Brezili yose. Nyuma yo gufata no gutunganya inyemezabuguzi mu buryo bwikora, uretse kugabanya amakosa, banabonye abatanga inyemezabuguzi bakurikiza inshingano zabo cyane. Uku kugaragara no kugenzura abatanga inyemezabuguzi byatumye habaho gushyiraho politiki nziza kugira ngo abafatanyabikorwa bose (abatanga inyemezabuguzi, ububiko, amaduka, n’abaguzi ba nyuma) bamenyekane,” uyu muhanga agira ati.
Gushyira mu bikorwa imicungire y’imisoro ikoresha ikoranabuhanga n’iy’ingamba bitanga inyungu nyinshi ku bucuruzi, nko kugenzura imisoro no kugabanya ikiguzi. Ikoranabuhanga ritanga igenzura ryinshi ry’imari, rituma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gupima ibicuruzwa n’imisoro, ndetse no kugenzura neza ububiko bw’ibikoresho.
Izindi ngingo zirimo kunoza umusaruro no kugenzura ko imisoro yubahirizwa. Guhuza imikorere y’ibigo n’amashami binoza umusaruro, bigatuma habaho isesengura ryimbitse no gufata ibyemezo bihamye.
Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rituma habaho gukurikirana amakuru y’imisoro buri gihe, kugenzura ko amategeko ya leta yubahirizwa no kugabanya ibyago byo gufatirwa ibihano.
