Muri Brezili, abayobozi b'ibirango ntibigeze bihatira kubaka ingamba zifatika zirimo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwamamaza bugamije kugera ku bakiriya bakuze. Muri rusange, abantu bakomeye bakoreshwa gusa mu kwamamaza bigamije abakiri bato. Kugira ngo bahindure iki kibazo kandi barusheho kugaragara neza ku ngingo, Silver Makers yarangije ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze bugaragaza imiterere y'abantu bakomeye bagera kuri 900 bakomeye ku ifeza no gutanga isesengura rirambuye ry'ibikubiye mu nyandiko bakora. Kimwe mu bintu bishimishije muri ubu buryo - bwakozwe mu busabe bw'igihugu bwo gutanga ibitekerezo mu gice cya mbere cya 2024 - ni intego yabwo yo kwerekana amajwi atandukanye mu bahanga ibikubiye mu nyandiko no mu matsinda ya LGBTQIAPN+, Abirabura, abantu bavangiye amoko, Abasangwabutaka, abantu bakomoka muri Aziya, n'abafite ubumuga.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bantu 45+ bwagaragaje abantu 895 bafite uruhare mu iterambere ry’ishoramari barengeje imyaka 45; muri bo, 436 bafite abayoboke barenga ibihumbi bibiri nibura ku rubuga rumwe; 271 ni abantu bafite uruhare mu matsinda y’abantu bafite uruhare mu iterambere ry’ishoramari. Amakuru agaragaza ubwinshi bw’abantu mu karere k’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo: abantu 177 bafite uruhare mu iterambere ry’ishoramari na 65.31%; hagakurikiraho Amajyaruguru y’Iburasirazuba (abantu 52 bafite uruhare mu iterambere, 19.19% by’itsinda ry’ibyitegererezo), Uburengerazuba bw’Amajyepfo (abantu 17 bafite uruhare mu iterambere, 6.27% by’itsinda ry’ibyitegererezo), Amajyepfo (abantu 16 bafite uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibyitegererezo na 5.90% by’itsinda ry’ibyitegererezo) na Amajyaruguru (abantu barindwi bafite uruhare mu iterambere, 0.74% by’itsinda ry’ibyitegererezo). Leta nka São Paulo (abantu 90 bafite uruhare mu iterambere) na Rio de Janeiro (abantu 63 bafite uruhare mu iterambere) ni zo ziyoboye - ibi bikaba bishimangira icyerekezo cyagaragaye mu ikwirakwizwa ry’ishoramari mu karere. Bahia (abantu 30 bafite uruhare mu iterambere) na Minas Gerais (abantu 21 bafite uruhare mu iterambere) ni ahantu hagaragaza ko hari uburinganire buhagije mu mijyi minini.
Nk’uko bivugwa na Cléa Klouri, umwe mu bahuza ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi bwa Connected Diversity 45+, amakuru yabonetse agaragaza ishusho y’ubusumbane bw’abantu bakuze muri Brezili, buhagarariwe n’abantu bafite hagati y’imyaka 45 na 75. “Tubona ubu bushakashatsi nk’intambwe ikomeye atari ukugaragaza gusa ubusumbane bw’abantu bakuze bafite ubusumbane, ahubwo no kubafasha kubona neza. Birashishikaje cyane kubona umubare munini w’abantu bakora ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no kumenya ko hari icyifuzo kinini cyo gusabana n’itsinda rihagarariye abaturage bakura vuba mu gihugu. Kuramba mu kazi bishobora gupimwa muri ubu bushakashatsi, bunagaragaza imbogamizi n’amahirwe y’ibigo byo kuvugana n’abaguzi batandukanye,” nk’uko bivugwa na Cléa, umwe mu bashinze Silver Makers.
Kuva mu 2019, Silver Makers yakoze ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry’abakoresha ikoranabuhanga bakuze muri Brezili. Mu 2020, iyi sosiyete yatangije umushinga wo gukora ikarita y’ibanze, aho yasanze abantu barenga 1,000 bafite imyaka 45+ barenga. Mu gice cya mbere cya 2024, hashyizweho icyifuzo gishya cyo gutanga ibitekerezo byiyongereye ku bwumvikane bw’aba bantu, hashingiwe ku gitekerezo cyo gushakisha itandukaniro mu mwuga urimo gukura vuba, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Amakuru yavuye muri Nielsen (2022) agaragaza ko igihugu gifite abantu benshi bafite ikoranabuhanga kurusha abaganga n’abaganga b’amenyo, kikaba kiri ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi mu mubare w’abantu muri uru rwego - icya mbere kikaba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Kuri Instagram, hari abantu miliyoni 10.5 bafite ikoranabuhanga, umubare w’abanyamategeko ukubye umunani n’umubare w’abaganga ukubye hafi inshuro 20.
IBINTU BY'INGENZI BYAVUZWE | Ubudasa Buhuriweho 45+
# UBUHANZI | Abantu benshi bakomeye bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nk'urubuga rwo kumenyekanisha no gukora ibikorwa by'ubuvugizi, bavuga ku ngingo nko kurwanya ivanguramoko no kwishyira hamwe mu mibereho myiza. Byongeye kandi, abantu benshi babajijwe bavuze ko batangiye gukora ibintu bihoraho kandi ko barimo gushaka amahirwe yo kwinjiza amafaranga kuri porogaramu zabo, bagaragaza ko bategereje cyane ko ibicuruzwa byabo bizamenyekana kandi bagahindura porogaramu zabo zikaba isoko y'amafaranga.
# IMYAKA N'IGITSINA CY'UMUBIRI | Isesengura ry'imyaka ryagaragaje ko abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 45 na 75: 75.65% bari hagati y'imyaka 45 na 54 (abantu 205 bafite ingaruka); 21.03% bari hagati y'imyaka 55 na 64 (abantu 57 bafite ingaruka); naho 3.32% barengeje imyaka 65 (abantu icyenda bafite ingaruka). Ku bijyanye n'igitsina cy'umubiri, 71.59% by'ababajijwe ni abagore (abantu 194 bafite ingaruka) naho 28.41% ni abagabo.
# UBUTANDUKANI | Ingingo nyamukuru y’isesengura ry’ubutagondwa yerekana ko itsinda ritandukanye. Hamwe n’abantu 171 bafite uruhare mu guhindura ibintu mu buryo butandukanye bizwi nka Abirabura n’abavangiye ubwoko (63.10%), iki ni cyo cyiciro kinini cy’ubutagondwa mu buryo butandukanye, gikurikirwa n’abantu 63 bafite uruhare mu buryo butandukanye bafite imiterere itandukanye y’umubiri (23.25%) na 44 bo mu itsinda rya LGBTQIAPN+ (16.24%). Kuba hari ibyiciro byinshi by’ubutagondwa, harimo abantu 24 bafite ubumuga (8.86%), abantu batanu b’abasangwabutaka n’abanyaziya (1.85%), bigaragaza ko itsinda ryinjijwemo kandi rigaragara neza.
“Kuba hariho imiterere itandukanye mu bukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza abantu bafite uruhare runini ni ingenzi kuko bituma ibirango bihuza n’abantu batandukanye mu buryo bw’ukuri kandi buhuriweho. Abantu batandukanye bashobora kugera ku bantu babyifuza kandi babibonamo, bigatuma ibikorwa byo kwamamaza birushaho kugira akamaro no gushyiraho isano yimbitse n’ababireba,” nk’uko byashimangiwe n’umuhuzabikorwa w’ubushakashatsi.
# KWITABIRA | Isesengura ry’uko abantu bakomeye bagaragara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga rigaragaza ko urubuga rukunzwe cyane ari Instagram, rufite abantu 271 bakomeye. Ibi bikurikirwa na Facebook (abantu 62 bakomeye), TikTok (abantu 51 bakomeye), na YouTube (abantu 45 bakomeye). Uku kwiganje kwa Instagram guhuye n’uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga. Nubwo Facebook idakoreshwa n’urubyiruko, iracyafite akamaro ku bantu bakuze.
Cléa agira ati: “Kuba abantu benshi bagaragara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bigaragaza ubuhanga n’ubushobozi bw’abantu bakomeye, bigatuma ibigo bigera ku bantu batandukanye binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye. TikTok ni urubuga rufite ubushobozi bwo kwitabira cyane; YouTube nayo ni nziza ku bintu birebire, nk’inyigisho na vlogs, bishobora gutanga ubufatanye bwimbitse.”.
# INGINGO Z'INGENZI Z'IBICURUZWA | Mu nsanganyamatsiko, harimo imyitwarire (abantu 72 bakomeye, 26.57% by'icyitegererezo), Umuco (abantu 36 bakomeye, 13.28% by'icyitegererezo), Uburwanyi (abantu 29 bakomeye, 10.70% by'icyitegererezo), Imideli (abantu 26 bakomeye, 9.59% by'icyitegererezo), n'Ubuzima n'Imibereho Myiza (abantu 20 bakomeye, 7.38%). Izindi nsanganyamatsiko zirimo imibereho; ubwiza n'imitako; kwihangira imirimo; umwuga/ubucuruzi, umwuga; ingendo n'ubukerarugendo; n'izindi.
Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi ryerekana ko kwibanda ku myitwarire n’umuco bigaragaza ko umuntu ashishikajwe n’insanganyamatsiko z’imibereho n’imyitwarire, mu gihe imyambarire n’ubuzima bwiza ari ibintu bisanzwe bikunze kugira ingaruka ku bantu. Abantu bashishikajwe no gukora ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga bashobora guteza imbere inshingano z’imibereho myiza no kwimakaza ubwitange, mu gihe abavuga ku myambarire n’ubwiza ari byiza cyane mu gutangiza ibicuruzwa no kubishyira mu bikorwa. Gushyira mu byiciro ingingo ku yindi bituma ubutumwa burushaho kwitabwaho neza, byongera akamaro no kwifatanya n’ababireba. Kuba hari ingingo zidakunze kugaragara cyane, nka Spirituality (abantu batanu bakomeye) na Geek (abantu bane bakomeye), nabyo bitanga amahirwe yo guhuza n’abantu bakomeye. Aba bantu bakomeye bashobora gufasha ibigo kwishyira mu mwanya wabyo, bigasuzuma ingingo zidahagije kandi bikagera ku bantu bashya kandi biteguye.
# LGBTQIAPN+ | Kumenya abanyamuryango bakuze bo mu muryango wa LGBTQIAPN+ ku isoko ry’abagira uruhare mu iterambere bifite intego ikomeye ku bahuzabikorwa b’ibishushanyo, kuko aba bantu ari ijwi ry’ingenzi ku gisekuru cyagizwe ikirangirire, gihanganye n’ivangura riturutse muri sosiyete yose. Cléa agira ati: “Kubaha agaciro binyuze mu bufatanye n’ibirango bishyigikira ubudasa bizatuma umuryango ugaragara kandi uhagararwe mu byiciro byose, bigaragaza ko ubudasa burenze ubuto. Mu gusangira ingendo zabo bwite, batera abandi imbaraga zo kuba abanyakuri no guharanira uburenganzira bwabo. Aba bantu bahindura ibintu kandi barwanya ibitekerezo by’abantu ku bijyanye no gusaza n’imibonano mpuzabitsina, bigaragaza ko ubuzima budahagarara ku myaka 50. Bakoresheje urwenya, impuhwe, n’imbaraga nyinshi, bigarurira abayoboke b’ingeri zose kandi berekana ko ubuzima bushobora kuba bwiza kandi bwuzuye amahirwe mu ntambwe iyo ari yo yose.”
# IMIBIRI ITANDUKANYE | Abantu bafite imiterere itandukanye mu ikoranabuhanga barengeje imyaka 50 barimo guhindura imbuga nkoranyambaga berekana ko ubwiza n'icyizere nta myaka cyangwa ingano bifite. Bateza imbere kwemerwa kw'umubiri kandi bagashishikariza abantu benshi kwikunda uko bari. Bakoresheje ibikubiye mu nyandiko zabo nyakuri, bagerageza amahame gakondo y'ubwiza. “Aba bantu bafite imiterere basangira inama ku bijyanye n'imideli, imibereho myiza, no kwiyubaha, bigaragaza ko bishoboka kumva umeze neza mu cyiciro icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ubuzima. Mu kwishimira imiterere yabo n'ubukure bwabo, bafasha kwagura uburyo bahagarariye abandi no kuba benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bagashishikariza abayoboke b'ingeri zose n'ingano kwiha agaciro. Bafite ukuri gukomeye n'ubuhanga, aba bantu bafite imiterere itandukanye barengeje imyaka 50 bagaragaza ko icy'ingenzi ari ukwishima no kumva wishimye, hatitawe ku mahame mbonezamubano,” nk'uko Cléa abivuga.
Mu basesenguwe, abantu 63 bagaragaye ko bari mu itsinda ry’abantu bafite imiterere itandukanye, abenshi muri bo bakaba bafite imiterere myinshi. Iyi mibare igaragaza ko kuba uburebure bwinshi ari nabyo ari ubuzima kandi ko abantu bo muri iri tsinda bashobora kugira uruhare rugaragara mu nzego zose z’imibereho.
# KUBANA | Kubera ko igihugu cya Brezili – cyahoze gifatwa nk'igihugu gito – ubu ni igihugu gikuze. Mu 2044, abantu bafite imyaka 50 cyangwa irenga bazaba bagize 40% by'abaturage ba Brezili, nk'uko amakuru aturuka mu Muryango w'Abibumbye (ONU) abigaragaza. Mu by'ukuri, ikinyejana kimwe cyo gusaza kw'abantu ni igihe cyo gusaza. Amakuru aturuka mu Muryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima (OMS) agaragaza ko umuntu umwe kuri babiri mu bageze mu za bukuru yamaze kugira ivangura rishingiye ku myaka, kandi benshi muri bo – Abirabura, amoko avanze, abafite ubumuga, abagore, na LGBTQIAPN+ – bahura n'ivangura rishingiye ku ivangura. “Kuba umwirabura n'umusaza; kuba umutinganyi n'umusaza muri Brezili ni ikibazo. Bityo rero akamaro ko kureba abantu bakuze batandukanye. Abantu bakuze batandukanye barengeje imyaka 50 bahura n'akazi katoroshye ko guhangana n'ivangura n'ivangura. Bagira uruhare runini mu guhangana n'ibitekerezo bidasanzwe no guteza imbere ubwiyongere, ariko akenshi bakeneye gutsinda imbogamizi zikomeye kugira ngo bamenyekane kandi bubake abantu. Guha agaciro no gushyigikira aba bantu bakuze ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho urubuga rw'ikoranabuhanga ruhuriweho kandi ruhagarariye abandi,” uyu muhuzabikorwa w'ubushakashatsi avuga.
Abantu 171 bafite uruhare mu ivanguramoko ry’abirabura cyangwa iry’amoko anyuranye bitabiriye ubushakashatsi; benshi bavuze ko bahurira mu byiciro bitandukanye: LGBTQIAPN+, ingano , n’abantu bafite ubumuga.
_ Mu gusesengura ubudasa bw'abirabura n'abantu bavangiye ubwoko, umubare munini w'abantu bavangiye ubwoko ni Abirabura LGBTQIAPN+ (9.36%) na Black Plus Size (7.60%) - bigaragaza ubudasa buri mu isi y'ababajijwe.
Kuba hari abantu bavangavanze b’amoko (4.68%), abafite ubumuga (1.75%), n’abafite amoko menshi (1.75%) bigaragaza ubwinshi bw’ubutandukanye buri muri urwo rwego. Kuba abantu bavangavanze bafite imico n’imiterere bitandukanye ntibituma abantu bagaragaza imiterere y’ukuri gusa, ahubwo binafasha mu guhangana n’ibitekerezo n’ivangura.
# UMUKARA N'UMUKARA | Abantu bakuze mu ikoranabuhanga bafite uruhare runini muri sosiyete. Uretse kuzamura ubukangurambaga ku bibazo by'amoko, banarwanya ivangura rishingiye ku myaka, urwikekwe rukunze kugaragara mu bantu barengeje imyaka 50, kandi bagakuraho imyumvire ijyanye no gusaza. Bagaragaza ko nta myaka ntarengwa yo kuba umuntu ukwiye kuba ingenzi kandi ko ubunararibonye mu buzima ari isoko y'agaciro. Mu by'ukuri, ntibatera imbaraga gusa ahubwo banatera imbaraga imiryango yabo. Cléa agira ati: “Ni isoko nyayo y'ibitekerezo ku bantu bakuze b'abirabura, babona ko bahagarariye kandi bahabwa agaciro. Kandi, birumvikana ko ari urugero rwiza ku bakiri bato, bigaragaza ko gusaza bidakwiye kuba imbogamizi, ahubwo ko ari igihe cyuzuye ubushobozi.”
# Ikwirakwizwa ry’UBWOKO | Ikarita igaragaza ubwiyongere bw’abaturage mu karere k’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba: abantu 177 bafite uruhare runini na 65.31%; hagakurikiraho Amajyaruguru y’Uburasirazuba (abantu 52 bafite uruhare runini, 19.19% by’ingero), Uburengerazuba bwo hagati (abantu 17 bafite uruhare runini, 6.27% by’ingero), Amajyepfo (abantu 16 bafite uruhare runini na 5.90% by’ingero) n’Amajyaruguru (abantu barindwi bafite uruhare runini, 0.74% by’ingero). Cléa Klouri agira ati: “Umubare munini w’abantu bafite uruhare runini mu majyepfo y’Uburasirazuba ushobora gusobanurwa n’ubwinshi bw’abaturage n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’akarere - bikurura abantu benshi bafite uruhare runini n’amahirwe menshi. Ariko, ni ngombwa kutirengagiza utundi turere, dufite abantu bafite uruhare runini mu kwegeranya abantu.”
Ibihugu nka São Paulo (abantu 90 bafite uruhare runini) na Rio de Janeiro (abantu 63 bafite uruhare runini) ni byo biri imbere mu mubare - ibi bikaba bishimangira icyerekezo cyagaragaye mu ikwirakwizwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu karere. Bahia (abantu 30 bafite uruhare runini) na Minas Gerais (abantu 21 bafite uruhare runini) bigaragaza ko hari ikwirakwizwa riringaniye mu mijyi minini.
Cléa arasesengura agira ati: “Gusobanukirwa ikwirakwizwa ry’uturere ni ingenzi ku bukangurambaga bw’uturere. Ibigo bishobora guhindura ingamba zabyo kugira ngo birusheho kumvikana n’ababireba, hifashishijwe abantu bazi kandi basobanukiwe imico y’uturere twabo. Ubukangurambaga bw’uturere bushobora kugira akamaro kurushaho mu gukemura ibibazo n’inyungu byihariye bya buri gace, byongera akamaro n’ingaruka z’ubutumwa.”.
