Mu mpera za 2023, Meta (ikigo nyamukuru cya Facebook, Instagram, na WhatsApp) yatangije uburyo bushya mu Burayi buha abakoresha amahitamo ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'amakuru yabo bwite mu kwamamaza. Ubu buryo buzwi ku izina rya "Kwishyura cyangwa Kwemeranya" butanga ubundi buryo bubiri:
Kwiyandikisha hishyuwe nta matangazo yihariye: umukoresha yishyura amafaranga ya buri kwezi (hafi €7.99 ku kwezi) kugira ngo arebe izi mbuga nkoranyambaga nta kwamamaza kwihariye, bivuze ko Meta yiyemeje kudakoresha amakuru bwite y'umukoresha mu rwego rwo kwibanda ku matangazo. Mu yandi magambo, abishyura bahabwa amakuru y'ibanga yiyongereye.
Gukoresha ubuntu hamwe n'amatangazo yihariye: umukoresha ahitamo gukomeza gukoresha urubuga ku buntu, ariko yemera gukusanya no gutunganya amakuru ye bwite kugira ngo amatangazo yerekanwe agenderwe hakurikijwe umwirondoro we n'ibikorwa bye. Muri iki gihe, Meta ikusanya amakuru nk'ibikorwa byo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, abantu bandikirana, n'amakuru y'ibikoresho by'umukoresha kugira ngo amatangazo yerekanwe agabanywe.
Iyi konti yatangiye gukoreshwa mu Gushyingo 2023 ku bakoresha bo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, mu Karere k’Ubukungu bw’u Burayi, no mu Busuwisi. Mu ntangiriro, igiciro gisanzwe cyatangajwe cyari €9.99 ku kwezi (verisiyo ya interineti) cyangwa €12.99 kuri iOS/Android, bikubiyemo konti imwe; konti zindi zihujwe zagombaga kugira ikiguzi cy’inyongera ku kwezi. Ariko, mu Gushyingo 2024, nyuma yo kuganira n’abashinzwe kugenzura, Meta yagabanyije ibi biciro ku kigero cya 40%, bigera kuri €5.99 (kuri interineti) na €7.99 (ibikoresho bigendanwa) ku kwezi, hamwe na €4-5 kuri buri konti yinyongera. Iri gabanuka ryari rigamije gutuma serivisi irushaho kuboneka no gukemura ibibazo by’abayobozi b’u Burayi.
Kuki Meta yafashe iyi ngamba? (GDPR n'igitutu cy'amategeko)
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyitegererezo cyishyurwa mu Burayi ntiryari ku bushake, ahubwo ryakozwe n’amabwiriza akomeye. Amategeko abiri y’i Burayi ni yo shingiro ry’iki kiganiro: Itegeko Rusange ryo Kurinda Amakuru (GDPR) n’Itegeko ry’Isoko ry’Ikoranabuhanga (DMA). GDPR, kuva mu 2018, yashimangiye ko hakenewe uburenganzira ku buntu, bumenyeshejwe amakuru, kandi butaziguye bwo gutunganya amakuru bwite - cyane cyane ku mpamvu nko kwamamaza mu buryo bw’imyitwarire. DMA iherutse gusohora inshingano zihariye ku bigo binini by’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo biteze imbere ipiganwa no kurengera abakoresha. Urugero, DMA ubu ibuza gukurikirana cyane abakoresha kwamamaza ku buryo bugamije inyungu nta burenganzira busesuye.
Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze mu Burayi, ikibazo kiravuka: ese LGPD ya Brezili (Itegeko Rusange ryo Kurengera Amakuru rya Brezili) ishobora gushyiraho uburyo nk'ubwo hano?
Nubwo Meta itarashyira mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro gahunda yo kwiyandikisha idasaba amatangazo muri Brezili, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibi bishobora guhinduka. Impamvu nyamukuru yaba ari iterambere ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya LGPD (Itegeko Rusange ryo Kurinda Amakuru rya Brezili). Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Kurengera Amakuru (ANPD) cyarushijeho gukora cyane no kugenzura ibigo binini by’ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, muri Nyakanga 2024, ANPD yategetse ko ibice bimwe na bimwe bya politiki nshya y’ubuzima bwite bwa Meta muri Brezili bihagarikwa, byemereraga ikoreshwa ry’amakuru atangazwa n’abakoresha mu guhugura sisitemu z’ubutasi bw’ubukorano, bigaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko LGPD yarenze ku mategeko. Muri iki cyemezo, ubuyobozi bwerekanye ibibazo nko kudakurikiza amategeko bihagije, kutagira ubwisanzure, n’imbogamizi ku burenganzira bw’abakoresha amakuru, ndetse no gushyiraho amande ya buri munsi ku bantu batubahiriza amategeko.
Nubwo uru rubanza rwihariye rwarebaga ikoreshwa ry'amakuru mu buvuzi bwa "AI", ubutumwa burasobanutse neza kandi bukoreshwa no mu zindi nzego: ANPD (Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Kurinda Amakuru muri Brezili) ntigitinda kwivanga mu bikorwa ifata nk'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa bidafite ishingiro ryemewe n'amategeko. Kwamamaza ku giti cyabyo bishobora kuzagenzurwa mu gihe kizaza.
Ikindi kintu cyo gusuzuma ni ukwihuza kw'ibihugu. Ibigo mpuzamahanga bikunda gushaka uburyo bumwe muri politiki, ndetse no mu buryo bw'imikorere. Niba Meta yamaze kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo kwiyandikisha "nta matangazo" mu Burayi, birashoboka ko izabisuzuma ikagera no mu tundi turere nk'uko amabwiriza abiteganya.
Nubwo nta nshingano igaragara (kuri ubu) iri muri LGPD (Itegeko Rusange ryo Kurinda Amakuru rya Brezili) yo gutanga verisiyo idafite amatangazo, itegeko rishyiraho inshingano zo gukorera mu mucyo amakuru akusanywa n'icyo agamije. Niba urubuga nkoranyambaga rukoresha cyane amakuru bwite mu nyungu zo kwamamaza, ibi bigomba kuba bisobanutse neza ku mukoresha, uwo na we akaba afite uburenganzira bwo kutabyemera cyangwa gukuraho uburenganzira butanzwe. Kubura andi mahitamo - ni ukuvuga guhatira umukoresha kwemera kwamamaza ku giti cye cyangwa kureka serivisi - bishobora gusobanurwa nk'uburenganzira butemewe (kubera agahato) hakurikijwe LGPD. Muri urwo rwego, gutanga ubundi buryo bwishyurwa nta gukusanya amakuru bishobora gufatwa nk'uburyo bwo kwemeza uburenganzira bw'abahitamo gukomeza verisiyo y'ubuntu. Ntibyaba bitangaje kubona ANPD (Ikigo cy'Igihugu cyo Kurinda Amakuru cya Brezili) cyangwa ndetse n'Ubucamanza bibaza ubwisanzure bw'umukoresha wo muri Brezili niba badafite amahitamo nyayo. Kuba hariho ifatabuguzi ryishyurwa, nubwo rishobora kuvugwaho rumwe (kubera ko rikubiyemo kwishyuza ubuzima bwite), nibura bituma umuntu ahitamo amakuru - bishobora kwirengagizwa n'amategeko.
None se, ubu buryo bwo "kwishyura cyangwa kwemera" bushobora kubaho muri Brezili? Mu by’ukuri, yego, kandi hari ingingo z’amategeko n’iz’ingamba zo kwemera ko ari ikibazo cy’igihe gito gusa mbere yuko tubona ikintu nk’icyo.
Ku rundi ruhande, imbogamizi zigomba kwitabwaho. Bitandukanye n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Brezili nta buryo bumwe bwo kugenzura nka GDPR + DMA + DSA; LGPD (Itegeko Rusange ryo Kurengera Amakuru rya Brezili) ikora yonyine kuri iyi ngingo. Hariho kandi ibintu by’ubukungu: uburyo bw’ubuntu kandi bushyigikiwe n’amatangazo ni bwo butuma abantu benshi babona imbuga nkoranyambaga. Kwishyuza amafaranga yo kwiyandikisha bishobora kutemewe n’igice kinini cy’abakoresha b’Abanyabrezili, kandi Meta itinya gutakaza uruhare (n’amafaranga yinjira mu kwamamaza) ku isoko rikomeye. Bityo, isosiyete ishobora gufata uburyo bugenda buhoro buhoro: ubwa mbere, kongera ubwisanzure no koroshya abantu kudakoresha amatangazo yihariye; hanyuma, nibiba ngombwa, kugerageza kwiyandikisha ku buryo budafite amatangazo mu matsinda mato cyangwa uturere twihariye, hanyuma bigatangizwa mu buryo bwagutse iyo hari igitutu gifatika cy’amategeko agenga.
Mu gusoza, LGPD (Itegeko Rusange ryo Kurengera Amakuru rya Brezili) risanzwe rifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo kwamamaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bikorwa muri Brezili. Nubwo "agashya" ko kwishyura €7.99 ku kwezi ku buzima bwite bwawe byasaga nkaho ari kure, ntabwo bigishoboka. Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wagaragaje inzira, kandi nubwo Brezili itazigana gusa no gushyiramo ibisubizo byayo, ishingiro ni rimwe: guha abakoresha ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo nyabyo ku makuru yabo. Ubuzima bwite, kubahiriza amategeko, n’abahanga mu by’amategeko hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bagomba kwitondera: bashobora vuba aha kugira inama abakiriya babo cyangwa amasosiyete ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha ugereranije n’amatangazo yihariye hano. Kandi nibibaho, bizagaragaza ko umuco wo kurengera amakuru, uyobowe na LGPD, wahinduye amategeko y’umukino ku isoko rya Brezili.
