Ibisubizo ni bimwe mu byavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2024 bwakozwe na ABOL, buvuga ko 'Profile of Logistics Operators'. Mu byavumbuwe bishya harimo uburyo izi sosiyete zikemura ibibazo nko gukuraho karuboni mu kirere n'ibikorwaremezo by'ibyambu n'ibibuga by'indege. Amakuru ku nyungu, ishoramari, udushya, no guhanga imirimo nayo yarashyizwe ahagaragara.
Nyuma y’iterambere rigaragara, ibigo bikora ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi (Logistics Operators (LOs) bikorera muri Brezili byabonye inyungu rusange y’ibikorwa (GOR) ingana na miliyari 192 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2023, hafi 15% ugereranyije n’iyabaye mu 2021, ubwo umubare w’amafaranga wabarwaga ubushize, wari miliyari 166 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Agaciro k’ubu kangana na hafi 2% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu na 17% by’ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi n’ububiko bw’ibikoresho mu gihugu, byose hamwe bikaba ari tiriyari 1.1 z’amadolari y’Amerika. 76% by’ibigo byagaragaje ko byinjije amafaranga menshi.
Iyi mibare n'indi ni bimwe mu bigize igitabo cya 2024 cyitwa 'Profile of Logistics Operators', inyigo yateguwe buri myaka ibiri kuva mu 2014 n'ishyirahamwe ry'abakora logistics muri Brezili (ABOL) kandi igatangwa n'ikigo cy'ubucuruzi n'ibicuruzwa (ILOS). Iyi mibare isesengura imikorere y'abakora logistics kandi igahishura ibisobanuro birambuye ku kamaro, iterambere, imbogamizi n'ibyifuzo by'uru rwego.
Mu bintu bishya harimo amakuru ku rugendo rw’ibigo byo gukuraho umwuka uhumanya ikirere ndetse n’uko babona ibikorwa remezo by’icyambu n’ikibuga cy’indege byo muri Brezili. Amakuru ku nyungu, ishoramari, udushya, no guhanga imirimo nabyo ni bimwe mu bigize igenamigambi kandi byagaragaje iterambere.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari ibigo 1.300, bito, biciriritse n'ibinini, byujuje ibisabwa, nko mu cyiciro cy'igihugu cy'ibikorwa by'ubukungu (CNAE) na serivisi zitangwa. Muri ibyo bigo, 127, harimo n'ibigo bikora ABOL, byakoranye mu buryo butaziguye n'ibikoresho. Bose hamwe, bangana na 40% by'amafaranga yinjira muri urwo rwego.
Amafaranga yinjira, akazi, n'ishoramari:
Muri iki gihe, ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu gace binjije imisoro ya miliyari 43 z'amadorari y'Amerika. Ugereranyije n'imisoro yose yakusanyijwe muri Brezili, ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu gace bari bafite 0.5%, 1.1%, na 0.7% by'amafaranga menshi yakusanyijwe n'inzego z'ibanze, iz'intara, n'iz'igihugu. Byongeye kandi, bashinzwe imirimo igera kuri miliyoni 2.3 itaziguye n'iyitaziguye umwaka ushize, myinshi muri yo ikaba yari ishingiye ku mategeko agenga umurimo ya CLT (amategeko y'umurimo yo muri Brezili).
“Amakuru yakusanyijwe ashimangira akamaro k’abakora ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi atari gusa mu iterambere rihoraho ry’ubu buryo bwo gutanga serivisi muri Brezili, ahubwo no mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Uku guhagararira kugaragara mu ishoramari ryakozwe mu 2023, ryageze kuri miliyari 20 z’amadorari y’Amerika,” ibi ni ibyagaragajwe n’umuyobozi mukuru wa ABOL, Marcella Cunha.
Mu 2023, 68% by’abakora ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi biyongereye ishoramari ryabo ugereranije n’umubare washowe mu 2022. Mu 2021, ijanisha ryari 59% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Abakora ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi bibandaga kuri porogaramu (83%).
Ibikorwa remezo byabonye imari shingiro iturutse kuri 78% by’abakora ibikorwa remezo kandi biza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu ishoramari. Ibi bikurikirwa no kugura imashini nshya cyangwa ibikoresho, kuri 69%.
Muri iyo mishinga mishya, abakora ibijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubwikorezi bumvise ingaruka z'izamuka ry'ibiciro bya lisansi mu 2023, nk'uko byagaragaye mu gitabo cyabanje. Andi mafaranga yazamutse cyane ni: abakozi, ibikoresho, n'ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda, byose hamwe n'izamuka rifatwa nk'iri hagati cyangwa hejuru ringana na 60% by'abakora. Muri rusange, 75% ntibigeze bashyira ibiciro byiyongereye ku giciro cya serivisi.
“Si bishya kuba abakora ibijyanye n’ibikoresho (OLs) bagendera ku giciro kinini cya lisansi, gihora ari igice kinini cy’amafaranga bakoresha mu mikorere yabo, kandi bagiye bashaka ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda igihombo gikomeye. Ku bijyanye n’ishoramari, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rihoraho bigira ingaruka zitaziguye, kuko abakora bagomba kujyana n’impinduka, kongera umusaruro no gukomeza guhangana,” Marcella ashimangira.
Gukuraho karuboni:
Hashingiwe ku kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije ku bikorwa byabo, bitewe n’uko 13% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi, 94% by’abakora ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi bamaze kugira ishami rishinzwe ibibazo bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Abashinzwe iterambere ry’igihugu bafite intambwe nyinshi muri iki kibazo (39%) bafite intego n’intego bisobanutse neza, kandi urwego rushinzwe inshingano rufite ingengo y’imari igenwa. Abandi 23% nabo bafite urwego rufite ibipimo, ariko baracyafite ingengo y’imari igenwa.
Ku bijyanye no gukuraho karuboni mu kirere, intego mpuzandengo yo kugabanya ikirere cya karuboni ni 37% mu myaka umunani. Ku bigo bishaka kugabanya 100%, igihe cyaba kiri hagati y'imyaka 20 na 26. Kubahiriza ibi bihe bihujwe n'ingamba nko kugabanya imyaka y'imodoka (55%), kunoza umuyoboro w'ibikoresho (47%), no kunoza inzira (47%). Mu ngamba zamaze gufatwa harimo ikoreshwa ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, aho 41% na 53% by'ibigo bishingira kuri ibi bisubizo, uko bikurikirana.
Gushakisha andi masoko ya lisansi nabyo biri mu migambi ya OLs (Amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu gace) mu rwego rwa ESG (Ibidukikije, Imibereho Myiza n’Imiyoborere). Amashanyarazi y’ibinyabiziga, nk’uko byagaragajwe na 39% by’amasosiyete yabajijwe, ni yo yari amahitamo meza. Andi masoko akoreshwa ni ethanol (33%) na CNG (26%). Byombi bifite urugero ruto rw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi bifite umubare munini w’aho lisansi ikwirakwira mu gihugu hose.
Hariho kandi biogas, mazutu y’icyatsi kibisi, gaze karemano ivanze n’amazi, na hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi, bikoreshwa n’abakora mu buryo buri munsi ya 10%, ariko bifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire. Abakora mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga benshi (63%) bavuze ko bishyura neza ikiguzi cyo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, batiriwe bashyira ikiguzi ku giciro cya nyuma cya serivisi zabo.
“ABOL imaze imyaka hafi 3 ikora ibikorwa n’imishinga by’ingenzi kugira ngo igire uruhare mu rugendo rwo gukuraho karubone muri buri munyamuryango, kuva twamenya ko OL zari mu byiciro bitandukanye byo gukura. Twashoboye kubitunganya byose twubaka imiterere yazo y’ibikoresho n’ububiko bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ubu, bazi neza ibibazo n’imbogamizi bagomba guhura nabyo iyo bigeze kuri ESG, cyane cyane ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Dufatanyije gushaka ibisubizo byiza kandi tugatanga inkunga kugira ngo bashobore guhitamo inzira bagomba gukurikiza. Urugero, mu Ukuboza, tuzageza ku mashami umushinga w’igerageza 'Ibarura ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ry’abanyamuryango ba ABOL'. Turimo kandi gukurikiranira hafi amategeko agenga 'Isoko rya Karubone' ryo muri Brezili, ririmo gutunganywa muri Kongere y’Igihugu, ndetse n’itegeko ry’'Ejo hazaza ha lisansi', rishishikariza iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigabanya ihumana n’ubundi buryo,” nk’uko uyu muyobozi abitangaza.
Incamake:
Abakora ibijyanye n'ibikoresho bakorera muri Brezili baherereye he? Mu bakozi bose bakora ibijyanye n'ibikoresho, 47% bakorera mu turere dutanu two muri Brezili icyarimwe, naho 40% bafite aho bakorera mu mahanga, bigaragaza ko ibikorwa by'utundi turere by'izi sosiyete byiyongera mu myaka mike ishize. Mu 2022, 37% bari bahari mu turere twose twa Brezili. Kuva ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2020, ukwiyongera kwavuye kuri 25% kugera kuri 51% mu majyaruguru, kuva kuri 43% kugera kuri 69% mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kuva kuri 37% kugera kuri 70% mu burengerazuba bwo hagati, kuva kuri 63% kugera kuri 76% mu majyepfo, no kuva kuri 92% kugera kuri 94% mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba.
Ibigo binini bifite urwego rwagutse rw’uturere: 81% byabyo biri mu turere twose. Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo bito bitwara ibicuruzwa (OLs) bikora cyane mu turere, byinshi bikaba byishyira mu mwanya w’inzobere mu masoko yo mu gace. Ugereranyije, buri kigo gikoresha ibikoresho 19, nko mu bubiko, mu bigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa, aho gutwara abantu n’ibintu, n’ibigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa. Ariko, 64% by’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bavuze ko barimo kongera uyu mubare.
Inganda zihabwa serivisi:
Kubera ko ibigo bitanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu n'ibintu (OLs) byageze ku rwego rw'akarere, ibyiciro by'ubukungu bihabwa serivisi nabyo byariyongereye. Mu 2024, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abakora serivisi bakorera mu nzego zirenga 20 zitandukanye, bihuza n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Buri kigo gifite abakiriya baturutse mu nganda icyenda zitandukanye. Ku isonga hari urwego rw'ibinyobwa, rufite 72%, ubwiyongere bwa 14% ugereranije na 2022. Hakurikiraho urwego rw'imodoka n'ibice by'imodoka, rufite 70% n'ubwiyongere bwa 13% mu myaka ibiri ishize. Ku mwanya wa gatatu hari ubwiza, bufite 66% n'ubwiyongere bwa 2%.
Ibikorwaremezo by’ibyambu n’ibibuga by’indege:
Igitabo cya 2024 cyitwa ‘Profile of Logistics Operators’ kigaragaza, ku nshuro ya mbere, isesengura ryimbitse ry’uko amasosiyete abona ibikorwaremezo by’ibyambu n’ibibuga by’indege mu gihugu. Ku bijyanye n’ibyambu, abakora ibikorwaremezo bumva ko kunoza imiterere y’ibikorwaremezo ari ngombwa, aho 18% gusa ari bo bavuga ko nta mbogamizi zibangamira ibikorwaremezo mu mikorere yabo.
Abashinzwe ubwikorezi bw’indege (OLs) bagaragaje kandi ko hari amahirwe menshi yo kunoza ibikorwa remezo by’ibibuga by’indege mu gutwara imizigo. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 26% babona ko imizigo idafite ihagije ku bibuga by’indege byo muri Brezili. Mu gusesengura inzira z’indege zo mu gihugu imbere, muri 46% bikora muri ubu buryo, 6% gusa by’ababajijwe ni bo bavuze ko ari nziza cyane.
