Kubera ko akazi k’abikorera ku giti cyabo n’akazi katazwi neza gakomeje kwiyongera muri Brezili, abanyamwuga benshi barimo guhitamo kwakira amafaranga binyuze muri PIX, urubuga rwa Banki Nkuru rwo kohereza amafaranga ako kanya. Ariko, iyi mikorere ishobora guteza ibibazo byinshi, cyane cyane bijyanye n’imenyekanisha ry’umusoro ku nyungu n’ingaruka ku Kigo cy’Imisoro cya Leta.
Ibibazo by'ingenzi
Kutagira Iyandikisha ryemewe: Abantu benshi bikorera ku giti cyabo ntibashyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byabo, bivuze ko batanditse mu Ibarura ry’Inzego z’Igihugu z’Amategeko (CNPJ). Uku kutubahiriza amategeko bituma bigorana kwerekana inyungu no kubona inguzanyo, ndetse no kwangiza ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru cy’ejo hazaza. Iyo badafite iyandikwa ryemewe, bikorera ku giti cyabo basigara mu mahirwe n’ibindi byiza bitandukanye bihabwa abakozi bemewe.
Ingaruka z'amande n'ibihano: Ikigo gishinzwe imisoro n'amahoro cya Brezili gisaba ko amafaranga yose yinjira atangazwa. Kwakira amafaranga binyuze gusa kuri PIX (uburyo bwo kwishyura ako kanya muri Brezili) nta menyekanisha rikwiye bishobora gutera amande akomeye n'ibindi bihano. Nk'uko Ikigo gishinzwe imisoro kibitangaza, amande ashobora kuva kuri 20% kugeza kuri 150% by'amafaranga ataratangazwa, bikaba ari umutwaro ukomeye w'amafaranga ku bakozi bikorera ku giti cyabo.
Imbibi z'amafaranga y'ubwiteganyirize: Kutagira imisanzu ihoraho muri INSS (Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi cyo muri Brezili) bibuza abakozi kubona amafaranga y'ubwiteganyirize nko mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, umushahara w'uburwayi, n'ikiruhuko cyo kubyara. Kubwibyo, gukora ibintu mu buryo butari ubwabyo bibangamira umutekano w'amafaranga ako kanya gusa ahubwo binabangamira ubwiteganyirize bw'aba banyamwuga mu gihe kizaza.
Nk’uko IBGE (Ikigo cy’Ubugenge n’Ibarurishamibare cyo muri Brezili kibitangaza), mu 2023, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 39.3 bakoze ku giti cyabo cyangwa mu buryo butari bwo, bangana na 41.1% by’abakozi bo mu gihugu. Iri tsinda rihura n’imbogamizi zikomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byabo no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu misoro, birushaho kongera ubwishingizi bwabo mu by’imari n’imibereho myiza.
Patrícia Bastazini, umucungamari w’inzobere muri Bastazini Contabilidade, atanga umuburo ku ngaruka z’ubu buryo: “Kwakira amafaranga binyuze muri PIX gusa utabanje gutangaza neza Ikigo cy’Imisoro cya Leta ni akaga gakomeye. Abantu benshi bikorera ku giti cyabo ntibazi ingaruka z’amategeko n’imisoro, bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe kizaza. Ni ngombwa ko aba banyamwuga bashaka ubuyobozi kugira ngo batunganye imimerere yabo kandi birinde ingorane.”
Yongeraho ko guteganya abakozi mu buryo buhoraho bitarinda gusa ibibazo Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro, ahubwo binafungura amarembo y’ubwishingizi bw’izabukuru n’uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyura inguzanyo: “Gushyira mu bikorwa no gutangaza neza inyungu bituma abakozi bikorera ku giti cyabo babona inyungu zitandukanye, nko kubona inguzanyo byoroshye no gutanga umusanzu mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru. Ni ishoramari mu mutekano n’ejo hazaza h’abakora akazi ubwabo.”
Inzira zo Gushyiraho Amategeko (Regularization)
Kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, abakora akazi k’ubukorerabushake bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza y’ibanze:
Gushyira mu bikorwa nk'umushinga wa MEI (Individend Minormal): MEI itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa, bufite ikiguzi gito kandi bugatanga inyungu ku bwishingizi bw'izabukuru. Ubu buryo bwemerera abantu bikorera ku giti cyabo gushyira mu bikorwa ubucuruzi bwabo vuba kandi bagabanyirijwe imisoro.
Kubika Inyandiko z'Ibyinjira: Ni ngombwa kubika inyandiko zirambuye z'amafaranga yinjira n'ibyakoreshejwe mu mirimo y'umwuga. Iyi nyandiko ni ingenzi kugira ngo imisoro ishyirwe mu bikorwa neza no mu micungire y'imari y'ubucuruzi.
Gushaka ubuyobozi bw'umwuga: Abacungamari n'inzobere mu ibaruramari bashobora gutanga ubuyobozi nyabwo ku buryo bwo gukurikirana imisoro ku nyungu n'izindi nshingano z'umusoro. Ubujyanama bw'umwuga bushobora gukumira amakosa no kwemeza ko inshingano zose zubahirizwa neza.
Imisanzu isanzwe muri INSS (Ikigo cy’Ubwiteganyirize bw’Abaturage cyo muri Brezili): Gutanga imisanzu ihoraho muri INSS ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubone inyungu z’ubwiteganyirize. Iyi misanzu ihamya ko abakozi bikorera ku giti cyabo bazahabwa uburinzi bw’imibereho myiza.
“Gukoresha uburyo bwo kwakira amafaranga binyuze muri PIX gusa bishobora gusa nkaho ari igisubizo cy’igihe gito, ariko ingaruka n’ingorane bifitanye isano na byo bishobora kuba ingenzi. Gushyira mu bikorwa no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu misoro ntibirinda gusa ibibazo biri mu kigo cy’imisoro cy’imbere mu gihugu, ahubwo binatanga umutekano n’inyungu ku bakozi bikorera ku giti cyabo. Ni ngombwa ko aba banyamwuga bashaka ubuyobozi kugira ngo batunganye imimerere yabo kandi bagire ejo hazaza hahamye kandi hatekanye,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Patrícia.
Mu bihe by’ibibazo by’ubukungu, gushyiraho amategeko no gucunga imisoro neza biba ingenzi cyane. Abakozi bikorera ku giti cyabo bagomba kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho no gushaka uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byabo, bityo bakizeza ubuzima bwiza bw’imari.
