Ngomhlaka-14 Agasti 2024, iBrazil izogubha iminyaka engu-6 yoMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Ojwayelekile (LGPD). Lo mthetho ubonise inqubekela phambili ekuvikelweni kobumfihlo kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu ezweni. I-LGPD yavunywa ngomhlaka-14 Agasti 2018, yaqala ukusebenza ngoSepthemba 2020, kanti izijeziso ziyasebenza kusukela ngo-Agasti 2021.
I-LGPD (uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Ojwayelekile waseBrazil) ichaza idatha yomuntu siqu njenganoma yiluphi ulwazi olungakhomba noma lwenze umuntu abonakale njengomuntu wemvelo noma osemthethweni, njengegama, i-CPF (inombolo yokubhalisa yomkhokhi wentela waseBrazil), i-RG (inombolo yekhadi lomazisi waseBrazil), i-imeyili, kanye neminye imininingwane. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-LGPD ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le datha isetshenziswa ngokuphephile nangokusobala, ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni nokuvikeleka kwezakhamizi.
NgoMeyi 2021, eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokushaywa kwe-LGPD (uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Jikelele waseBrazil), iNkantolo Ephakeme Kahulumeni waseBrazil (STF) yaqaphela ukuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu njengelungelo eliyisisekelo. Lokhu kuqashelwa kwafakwa kuMthethosisekelo Kahulumeni ngoFebhuwari 2022, ngeSichibiyelo Somthethosisekelo No. 115/22. Ngenkathi amalungelo okusondelana, ubumfihlo, kanye nobumfihlo bokuxhumana ayesevele efakwe kuMthethosisekelo Kahulumeni ka-1988, ukuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu kwaba yingxenye yombhalo womthethosisekelo muva nje. Imithetho efana neMarco Civil da Internet (uMthetho Wamalungelo E-inthanethi waseBrazil) kanye neLei de Acesso à Informação (uMthetho Wokufinyelela Ulwazi) yayiyizinto ezibalulekile ezasiza ekwakhiweni kwe-LGPD.
Ngemva kokumiswa komthetho, izinkampani kwakudingeka zivumelane nomthetho omusha, zamukele imikhuba ethile. Lokhu kwakuhilela ukudala izinqubomgomo nezinqubo zobumfihlo, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi, nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha kolwazi. I-LGPD isungula izinhlawulo kanye nezijeziso zokungalandeli imithetho, okwathi - ngokombono - kwakhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zihambisane nomthetho.
Kodwa-ke, i-LGPD (uMthetho Wokuvikela Idatha Jikelele waseBrazil) ayikalandelwa ngokugcwele kwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-LGPD Brasil portal lukhombisile ukuthi, ngisho noma umthetho uphoqelekile, yi-16% kuphela yezinkampani ezweni ezithobela umthetho. Lokhu kwembula ukuthi, yize sekukhona ulwazi oluthile ngalo mthetho, usagxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemadolobheni, futhi kubalulekile ukuletha lolu lwazi kwezinye izifunda zezwe.
ULucas Maldonado D. Latini, ummeli kanye nochwepheshe wezomthetho wedijithali ovela ku-FGV, ukhomba ukuthi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ekuzivumelaniseni ne-LGPD (uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Jikelele waseBrazil) iwukuntuleka kolwazi ngomthetho nokuthi uthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwezinkampani. Izinhlangano eziningi azikaqapheli ukuthi umthetho usebenza emkhakheni wazo wokusebenza. Ummeli uphawula ukuthi umthetho uhlanganisa izinkampani emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengezezimali, imfundo, ukuthengisa, njll. Zonke zidinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo noma zingaphansi kwezijeziso.
Ngokusho kwakhe, izimiso zokuvikelwa kwedatha zazisakazeke emithethweni eyahlukahlukene, okwenza ukuchazwa nokusetshenziswa kwala malungelo kube nzima. “Ukuhlanganiswa okukhuthazwa yi-LGPD kwaletha ukucaca nobumbano ohlakeni lokulawula lwaseBrazil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sakha iNational Data Protection Authority (ANPD) ukuqinisekisa ukuqapha nokuqinisekisa ukuqiniswa komthetho,” ephawula. Namuhla, i-ANPD inesibopho sokukhipha izinqumo neziqondiso ezisiza ama-ejenti okucubungula idatha ukuthi aqonde futhi ahambisane nezibopho zawo.
Yini esingayilindela esikhathini esizayo esithuthukayo kwezobuchwepheshe?
Nakuba uhlaka lokulawula seluthuthuke kakhulu selokhu lwaqalwa, kunezinkinga eziningana okusadingeka zixazululwe yi-National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza.
Esinye sezihloko okugxilwe kuzo ukulawulwa kokudluliswa kwedatha kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2022, i-ANPD (National Data Protection Authority) yaqala ukubonisana nomphakathi ukuze kudalwe iziqondiso zokuthi idatha yomuntu siqu ingathunyelwa kanjani ngaphandle kweBrazil. I-LGPD (uMthetho Wokuvikela Idatha Jikelele waseBrazil) idinga ukuthi lokhu kudluliswa kwenziwe ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwedatha okwanele kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, i-ANPD idinga ukusungula imithetho ecacile, okuhlanganisa namazwe ewabheka njenganamazinga okuvikelwa ahambisana nomthetho waseBrazil.
Elinye iphuzu ukulawulwa kobuNhloli bokwenziwa (AI). Kuze kube manje, umthetho waseBrazil awukhulumi ngqo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-AI maqondana nokuvikelwa kwedatha. I-ANPD (iNational Data Protection Authority) ihlanganyela ezingxoxweni ngoMthethosivivinywa No. 2,338/2023, ohlose ukusungula uhlaka lwezomthetho lwe-AI futhi okwamanje uhlolwa yi-Federal Senate.
Ummeli ugcizelela ukuthi elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani zisungule izinyathelo zokuphepha zobuchwepheshe nezokuphatha ezidingekayo ukuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu. Lezi ziqondiso zingase zihlanganise amazinga okuphepha aphansi, ukusetshenziswa kokubethela, ama-firewall, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokufinyelela. Ukusebenzisa ngayinye yalezi zinyathelo kuyindlela yokuvimbela izehlakalo zokuphepha, njengokwephulwa kwedatha, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi luvikelwe ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
