Muraho neza kuri terminal za POS: icyo uburyo bwo kwishyurana bw'Abashinwa butwigisha ku mutekano no kubungabunga ibidukikije

Nk’uko umuco wa Brezili urangwa ku isi yose n’ubuhanga bwawo, isoko ryacu ry’imari naryo rizwiho gukomera kwaryo. Kandi intsinzi ya Pix yagaragaje ko twiteguye cyane gukoresha serivisi mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kuko 45% by’ibicuruzwa bigurishwa kuri interineti bikorwa hakoreshejwe ubu buryo bwo kwishyura nyuma y’imyaka itanu bitangiye. Ariko, ubwo nagendaga mu mihanda ya São Paulo na Beijing, nabonye itandukaniro rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo Brezili ikiri mu bihe bikomeye by’ 'intambara y’imashini', Ubushinwa bwamaze gutangaza ko iki gikoresho cyapfuye. Turacyashimangira ko hakenewe mudasobwa ntoya muri buri dukarito cyangwa mu binyamakuru. Ni urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rugoye kandi ruhenze runyuranyije n’imikorere myiza y’isi.
 

Vuba aha, ubwo nageragezaga kwigira ku ikoranabuhanga ry’Abashinwa, nashoboye kubona uburyo uburyo bwo kwishyura bwavuguruwe. Aho ngaho, imashini ikoresha amakarita ikoreshwa ahantu hose yashaje kubera amasosiyete nka Alipay na WeChat Pay. Muri Brezili, iyi mashini iracyakora nk'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "mobile safe", yuzuyemo ibyangombwa, ingufuri zikenewe, n'ibisabwa mu kubungabunga, ariko mu Bushinwa, ubu buhanga bwamaze kwimurwa kuva kuri konti y'umucuruzi bujya mu kiganza cy'umuguzi. Icyo umucuruzi akoresha ni icyuma cyoroshye cyo kwakira cyangwa kode ya QR, mu gihe uburyo bwose bwo kwirinda, kwemeza agaciro, no kwemeza biometrike biba kuri telefoni igendanwa y'uwishyura.

Iri hinduka ry’imiterere ryihutisha icyo numva nk’ 'ihinduka ry’ingorane' mu miterere y’imari kandi rigaragaza imbogamizi dufite muri iki gihe. Aha, abatunganya amafaranga n’abacuruzi bafite ikiguzi kinini cy’ibikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza, kuvugurura no gusimbuza ibyuma bikoresha intwaro, bibangamirwa no kwibwa no kwangirika. Ni ishoramari rikomeye risaba kubungabunga ibintu buri gihe. Mu Bushinwa, hari ishoramari rikomeye mu buryo n’ikoranabuhanga.

Mu kwegereza ibikorwa kuva kuri terminal igurishwa kugeza kuri telefoni igendanwa y'umukoresha, inshingano zo kwita ku buziranenge bwa sisitemu no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga zishyirwa ku gikoresho cy'uwishyura ubwe. Ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere kandi bigatuma ishoramari ryerekeza ku mutekano w'amakuru no ku kuri kw'amakuru, ndetse no gushishikariza umuntu kugira akamenyero ko kugenzura amakuru buri gihe kuri buri kugura.

Iyi mpinduka mu miterere y’ibintu ikemura ikibazo gikomeye mu bucuruzi bwo muri Brezili: uburiganya. Brezili ifite igipimo giteye ubwoba cyo gusubiza amafaranga ku isoko, kirenga 3%, mu gihe mu Bushinwa uyu mubare uri munsi ya 0.2%. Urwego rw’Abashinwa rwasobanukiwe vuba uburyo bwo gukemura iki kibazo. Mu kurangiza ibikorwa no kubisuzuma n’umuguzi kuri telefoni ye igendanwa, nta ngaruka zo gukoporora amakarita cyangwa ngo umucuruzi afate ijambo ry’ibanga, kuko umukoresha aba ari we ugenzura urugendo rwo kugura.

Iyo umuguzi yemeje ko yishyuye akoresheje igikoresho cye bwite, haba binyuze mu ijambo ry'ibanga cyangwa biometrics, ibyago byo gushukana biragabanuka cyane, bikingira inyungu y'umucuruzi, muri Brezili ubu ikaba ihungabanyijwe n'ibiciro biri hejuru byo kwirinda ndetse n'igihombo mu mikorere.

Ubuhanga bwo gusesengura bukoreshwa n'ubu buryo bw'amakuru bushingiye ku bikoresho butuma habaho gutanga inguzanyo ku giciro gito cyane. Muri sisitemu isanzwe yo kugura, uruhare rw'imashini ikoresha amakarita narwo rugarukira ku gutunganya inguzanyo zemewe mbere, rwemeza gusa niba nyir'ikarita afite inguzanyo ihagije cyangwa niba ijambo ry'ibanga ari ryo. Ubu ni uburyo bushobora kwibasirwa n'ibibazo, cyane cyane mu isi y'ikoranabuhanga, aho ahantu ho kugenzura ari hake. Ndetse no mu maduka asanzwe, ikibazo cyarushijeho kwiyongera ku makarita adakoresha uburyo bwo gukoraho ndetse no gukoresha PIN zigerageza guha umuguzi inshingano z'umutekano.

Nubwo amakarita y'inguzanyo akunze gutuma abakiriya bagira imyenda myinshi, bigatuma inyungu zabo ziyongera cyane, bigatuma imari y'umuryango igabanuka, ubusembwa ku myenda y'amakarita y'inguzanyo yageze ku rwego ruteye ubwoba mu mpera za 2025, bugera kuri 64%, bukaba ari bwo rwego rwo hejuru mu mateka mu ntangiriro zatangiye mu 2011, nk'uko amakuru aturuka muri Banki Nkuru abigaragaza. Muri ubwo buryo, uburyo bwibanda ku gutanga inguzanyo kuri buri gikorwa cy'umuntu ku giti cye butuma inyungu zigabanuka. Ibi nibyo twashyize mu bikorwa na Pix Installment Payments: inguzanyo isobanutse isesengura imyitwarire mu gihe nyacyo n'ibikorwa ku bikorwa, nk'uko ibihangange byo mu Bushinwa bibikora.

Mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya isura n'ikoranabuhanga rya biometric rikoreshwa muri telefoni zigezweho hamwe n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano bw'imyishyurire, havuka ibidukikije aho uburiganya butakaza imbaraga. Izi sisitemu za AI zitandukanya amashusho nyayo n'amashusho, bigabanya amahirwe yo kwibeshya mu gihe cyo kwishyura. Umusaruro ufatika w'uyu mutekano ukomeye ni imikorere myiza idasanzwe haba mu kurangiza kugura no gutanga no gutanga inguzanyo ku biciro, kwemeza ko ikoranabuhanga rifasha kwemeza abakiriya beza, atari ukubuza gusa ibyago.

Uretse koroshya ibintu gusa, guhindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ridafite aho rihurira n’ibikoresho ni ikibazo cy’inshingano z’imibereho myiza. Urugero, kwishyura amafaranga mu byiciro binyuze kuri Pix, bisaba ko amafaranga ya mbere yishyurwa ako kanya, binafasha umuguzi. Birinda amarangamutima yo gukoresha ikarita y’inguzanyo, itagaragaza ingaruka ku mafaranga yinjira buri kwezi mu gihe cyo kugura, ariko ishobora kwiyongera cyane. Ibi birema ahantu ho gukoresha amafaranga mu buryo buzwi aho ingaruka zishobora gucungwa kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’igihe umukoresha abizi.

Kugira ngo Brezili iyobore icyiciro gikurikira cy’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, tugomba gusezera ku byuma byo kwishyura amakarita. Ishoramari rike mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki n’ibikoreshwa mu buryo bw’umubiri, ishoramari rinini mu mutekano w’amakuru n’ibipimo by’umubiri. Ngibyo ejo hazaza h’ubucuruzi mbona, bugashimangirwa n’ubwenge butagaragara butuma buri gikorwa kiba gitekanye kandi cy’abantu, atari ukubera imbaraga z’imashini iri ku gikoresho.

Uruhare rw'ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'imari muri Brezili ni ugutanga ibidukikije bihamye, bisobanutse, bihendutse kandi bitagira imikurire mibi kugira ngo ikoreshwa ry'imari rikure mu buryo bwiza kandi burambye, atari ugushishikariza ikoreshwa ry'imari cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'imari mu buryo budafite ishingiro ku kiguzi icyo ari cyo cyose. Ubu, ni inshingano z'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura, ibigo by'imari, n'ibigo by'imari kwihutisha iri hinduka, bireba ko ikoranabuhanga ritanga moteri yo gushyira mu bikorwa ubukungu.

Eduardo Zucareli ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ubucuruzi wa Pagaleve