Muri iki gihe, isoko ry'umurimo muri Brezili rishingiye ku buryo buhora buhinduka: abakozi b'igihe gito. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka mu Ishyirahamwe ry'Abakozi b'igihe gito muri Brezili (Asserttem), ubu bwoko bw'akazi bwarenze ikimenyetso cy'amateka cy'amasezerano yemewe miliyoni 2.5 mu mwaka ushize.
Uretse inkunga y'igihe gito gusa, iyi moderi yigaragaje nk'inzira y'ingenzi igana ku isoko ryemewe, ku buryo abanyamwuga b'igihe gito bagera ku 500.000 bahawe akazi kandi binjizwa mu bakozi bahoraho b'ibigo muri icyo gihe.
Iterambere ry'uru rwego ryarushijeho kugaragara mu gihembwe cya nyuma cya 2025, aho hagaragaye amasezerano 522.000, bivuze ko yiyongereyeho 5.1% ugereranije n'abakozi bashya 497.000 biyandikishije mu gihe nk'icyo cy'umwaka ushize. Nk'uko ikigo kibitangaza, uyu muvuduko wihutishijwe watewe n'iterambere rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga,ryatumye habaho gukenera cyane imirimo yo mu rwego rw'ibicuruzwa, ububiko bw'ibikoresho, n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibicuruzwa, hiyongereyeho ingaruka zikomeye z'ubucuruzi bunini, ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi, n'ubukerarugendo mu gusubiza vuba ihindagurika ry'imikoreshereze y'ibicuruzwa.
Ariko, nyuma y’uko itegeko rishya rya NR-1 (Ihame N° 1 ritangiye gukurikizwa), amasosiyete agomba kongera kubara uburyo bwo gucunga aba bakozi. Kuva ubu, igenzura rya Minisiteri y’Umurimo n’Umurimo (MTE) ryibanda ku miterere y’ikigo n’ingaruka z’imibanire y’abantu. Mu by’ukuri, ibintu nk’iminsi y’akazi ivunanye, ibyo abantu basabwa gukora ku buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mahame mbwirizamuco, n’imikorere y’akazi itera stress ikomeye bizagenzurwa mu buryo butaziguye kandi bigomba gushyirwa muri gahunda y’ibigo yo gucunga ibyago (PGR).
Ikibazo gikomeye kigaragara mu mashami ashinzwe abakozi ni ukumenya niba iyi miterere y’uburinzi igera no ku bafite amasezerano y’igihe gito. Mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, igisubizo ni yego: itegeko ntaho ritandukanya abakozi bahoraho n’ab’igihe gito. Bombi bafite uburenganzira bumwe ku kazi kabungabunga ubusugire bwabo bw’umubiri n’ubwo mu mutwe.
Nk’uko byasobanuwe n’inzobere Heloísa Moraes, Umuyobozi w’Abakozi n’Ubuyobozi muri Contato Seguro, abakoresha bagomba kurwanya akato k’aba bakozi mu mikorere y’ikigo.
: “Abakozi b’igihe gito binjira muri iki gikorwa bamaze gushyirwaho igitutu cy’igihe gito, kandi akenshi bafite impungenge zo gushaka akazi gahoraho. Iyo ubuyobozi n’abakozi bananiwe kubihuza n’uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko n’umutekano, hari amahirwe make yo guhohoterwa no kurwara bucece.”
Gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bwihuse n'uburemere bw'ibihano
Gukomera kw'iri tegeko bishyigikiwe n'imibare iteye impungenge y'ubuzima rusange. Dukurikije inyandiko ziheruka zavuye mu nzego z'ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi, Brezili yageze ku bantu barenga 5000000 babuze kubera indwara zo mu mutwe mu mwaka umwe, amateka y'igihugu. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ishusho rusange yagaragajwe n'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Bakozi (ILO) igaragaza ko ingaruka z'ibyago byo mu mutwe bidacungwa neza zitera impfu zigera ku 840.000 buri mwaka ku isi.
Impinduka zikomeye mu mikorere zatewe n’inyandiko ivuguruye ya NR-1 ni uburyo igenzura rikorwa mbere y’igihe. Abagenzuzi b’umurimo ntibagishingira ku kirego cyemewe cyangwa umukozi wamaze kwimurwa ku mwanya we kugira ngo bamufatire ibihano. Ikigo gifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura neza ibisobanuro by’akazi, igabanywa ry’ingengabihe y’akazi, n’imyitwarire y’ubuyobozi. Iyo ikigo kinaniwe kugaragaza ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya izi ngaruka, amande yashyizweho ari hagati ya R$ 416 na R$ arenga 6.900 kuri buri kosa ryagaragaye, kandi ashobora gukuba kabiri n’ingano y’ikigo n’umubare w’abakozi bose bahuye n’ikibazo cy’impanuka.
Uruhare rw'Umuyoboro w'Amakuru mu gushyiramo abakozi b'igihe gito
Kugira ngo itsinda ry’imbere rihuze n’abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga b’igihe gito kandi rikurikize ibisabwa na NR-1, HR igomba gutanga amahugurwa y’ubuyobozi no gushyiraho imipaka isobanutse ku bijyanye n’ibishobora gukorwa n’ibidashobora gukorwa. Ingeso nko gushyiraho intego zidasanzwe ku bashya cyangwa gutandukanya abakozi b’igihe gito n’imikorere y’itsinda bitera ibidukikije bibi.
Muri uru rwego rwo gukumira, uburyo bwo gutanga raporo mu buryo bwizewe buba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu bushishozi no kubahiriza amategeko.
Umuyoboro wo gutanga amakuru nk'igikoresho cy'ingamba
Kugira ngo ikigo kirindwe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko kandi habeho ko amabwiriza agenga ubuzima bwo mu mutwe akurikizwa, inzira zo gutanga ibitekerezo zigomba kuba zigenzurwa na bose n'ikigo cyose. Dukurikije amategeko mashya, inshingano ku buzima bw'abakozi ntizikifatwa nk'ikibazo cy'umuntu ku giti cye ahubwo zifatwa nk'inshingano z'ikigo cy'umurimo.
Abakozi bafite amasezerano y'igihe gito, batinya kwirukanwa ako kanya cyangwa gusezererwa ku kazi imburagihe, bakunze guceceka iyo bahanganye n'ihohoterwa n'imyitwarire idakwiye iturutse ku bayobozi cyangwa abandi bakozi bafite uburambe mu kazi muri iyo kompanyi.
Ubu burwayi bwemezwa n'ubushakashatsi ku isi, nk'uko byagaragajwe mu nkuru ya Contato Seguro, igaragaza ko 27% by'abahanga mu by'imitekerereze bavuga ko ubuzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe buri ku rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa buke, aho 80% by'iri tsinda bavuga ko ubu burwayi buterwa n'ibitutu by'akazi. Kwirengagiza ibi bimenyetso bitera ihindagurika ry'abakozi,bikangiza imikorere y'ikipe, kandi bigatera imanza ku bigo.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, yo gusaba abakozi b'igihe gito igomba kubigisha uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutanga raporo bw'ikigo. Gutanga urubuga rucungwa n'ubujyanama bwo hanze kandi bwigenga ni bwo buryo bwizewe bwo kwemeza ko abakozi batamenyekana kugira ngo batsinde ubwoba bwo kwihorera. Mu mikorere ya buri munsi, ubu buryo bufasha urubuga rwa Whistleblowing Channel gushushanya no gukumira ahantu habi ho gukorera, bigatuma hakusanywa amakuru nyayo ku bijyanye n'imyitwarire mibi mbere yuko bifatwa ibihano na Minisiteri y'Umurimo cyangwa bigatera kwangirika kw'izina ry'ikigo.
Guhindura imiterere y'ikigo hakurikijwe ibisabwa na NR-1 nshya (Igipimo ngenderwaho cya 1 cyo muri Brezili) bisaba impinduka mu miyoborere y'imbere mu gihugu no mu mikorere y'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Kurinda abakozi b'agateganyo barenga miliyoni 2 bakomeza kugira ibihe by'iterambere ry'ubukungu bishimangira ko amategeko akurikizwa kandi bigaha icyizere ubucuruzi burambye kugira ngo isoko rikure.
