Kuva muri Brezili kugeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kuva mu Bwongereza kugeza mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ransomware yagaragaye hagati mu myaka icumi nk'ubwoko bw'"ubukungu bungana" bw'ibyaha byo mu ikoranabuhanga: yishyira hamwe nk'urwego rwa serivisi, iha abantu bose ibikorwa, kandi ikoresha uburyo amasosiyete na za leta bashingira kuri sisitemu zihujwe. Igishya si uburyo bwo gushakisha amakuru ubwayo, ahubwo ni uburyo ubujura buhurirana n'ibikorwa byihuse, amakuru menshi yibwe, no gukoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikiguzi no kongera ubushobozi bwo kugera ku bantu.
Raporo ya The Threat Landscape 2025, yasohowe na ENISA - ikigo cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga - yashyize mu byiciro ubuhanga bw’ubukorano nk'imwe mu ngingo zigaragaza imiterere y’ikibazo muri iki gihe. Raporo igaragaza ko ibikorwa byo gushakisha amakuru y’ubukorano hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwa AI byaje kuba igice kinini cy’ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi byagaragaye umwaka ushize. Ingaruka zifatika ni izitaziguye: inyandiko zirushaho kwemeza, guhuza ururimi n’imiterere y’uwahohotewe, gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwo gukora, no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikorwa by’igitero.
AI ntabwo isimbuza burundu umuntu mu bitero bya ransomware, ariko igabanya imbaraga mu ntambwe zasabaga igihe n'ubuhanga mu gukoresha intoki. Uburyo bw'indimi bukoreshwa mu gukora amabaruwa yihariye cyane, gusesengura amakuru yakusanyijwe kugira ngo hamenyekane amakuru y'ibanga afite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kuyakoresha, no gushyigikira ubushakashatsi ku bibazo by'intege nke. Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Umutekano mu Ikoranabuhanga mu Bwongereza cyamaze kuburira ko AI ikunda kongera imikorere, inshuro, n'ubunini bw'amayeri asanzweho, cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi no gufasha mu kuyakoresha.
Uruhare rw'abakozi ba AI
Iterambere rikomeye cyane, ariko, riri mu ikoreshwa ry’imiterere ishingiye ku bakozi. Bitandukanye n’icyitegererezo gitanga inyandiko gusa, abashinzwe abakozi ni sisitemu zishobora gutegura imirimo, gushyira mu bikorwa guhamagara ibikoresho byo hanze, gukorana na API, no kubungabunga imiterere mu byiciro byinshi. Iyo zikoreshejwe mu nzego zemewe n’amategeko z’ikigo, izi ntumwa zikora mu buryo bwikora, zigahuza sisitemu, kandi zikagabanya ubwumvikane buke mu mikorere. Mu buryo buteye ubwoba, logique imwe ishobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza ibikorwa bikwirakwizwa.
Igitero giteguwe gishobora kuba kirimo umukozi umwe wihaye inshingano zo gukusanya amakuru rusange n’ay’imbere mu gihugu, undi akibanda ku kwemeza ibyangombwa no gukoresha uburenganzira burenze urugero, naho uwa gatatu akaba ashinzwe API za serivisi zo mu bicu kugira ngo amenye umutungo, amatoni, n’imfunguzo zo kwinjira. Kuva ku kwinjira kwa mbere, ikoranabuhanga ryihutisha ingendo zo ku ruhande no gusohoka. Ingaruka ni ukugabanya uruziga hagati y’ubwumvikane n’ubujura.
Muri Brezili, CTIR Gov yasobanuye kuva mu 2022 iterambere ry'amatsinda nka BlackCat/ALPHV, akoresha tekiniki zo mu ruhande rumwe n'uburyo bwo gusimbuza amakuru bwite. Impinduka ubu ni urwego rw'inyongera rw'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ibigo bikoresha uburyo bwa API, konti za serivisi, n'imikorere ikoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Uku guhuza kwagura imiterere y’ibyago. Buri guhuza byongera ibyangombwa, amatoni, n’uburenganzira. Buri mukozi w’ikigo ufite ubwisanzure mu mikorere agaragaza umwirondoro mushya w’imashini. Iyo byangiritse, ibi bintu bishobora gukora bigaragara ko byemewe n’amategeko mu bidukikije. Iperereza riva ku kubaza gusa "uwabigezemo" rijya ku kubaza "ni iyihe sisitemu yakoze igikorwa runaka kandi ikurikije uruhererekane rw’ibyemezo.".
Mu buryo bwa tekiniki, gusubiza ibi bibazo bishya bisaba kuvugurura inyubako. Ibyerekezo bya zero-trust, igabanywa ry’ibice, no kugenzura neza umwirondoro w’imashini biba iby’ingenzi. Imicungire y’uburenganzira igomba kuba irimo konti za serivisi n’uburyo bwikora bwo guhuza. Inyandiko zigomba gushyirwa hamwe kandi zikarindwa kwangirika, bigatuma habaho isesengura ry’imyitwarire rishingiye ku rukurikirane rw’ibyabaye atari ugutanga amakuru yihariye gusa.
Gukoresha kopi zidahinduka biracyari ingamba z'ibanze zo kurwanya uburiganya, ariko ntibikemura ikibazo cy'uburiganya bushingiye ku ikoreshwa ry'amakuru. Gukurikirana buri gihe uburyo bwo gusohora amakuru no gukemura ibibazo by'impanuka ubu byinjijwe mu igenamigambi ry'ingamba.
Gukoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorano mu bigo ubwabyo si cyo kibazo. Ahubwo, bishobora kongera uburyo bwo kuvumbura no gusubiza iyo bikoreshejwe mu buryo bufite gahunda. Ingaruka zishobora kubaho iyo abakozi bakorana uburenganzira burenze urugero, gushyira hamwe kw’amasosiyete ku buryo buhagije nta bubiko buhagije, kandi ibyemezo byikora ku buryo bwikora bidafite inzira yo kugenzura.
Ransomware yavuye ku gitero cya tekiniki ijya mu buryo bw’ubukungu bufite gahunda. Gushyiramo AI n’abashinzwe kwigenga byihutisha iyi logic, bigabanya ikiguzi ku bagizi ba nabi, kandi byongera ingorane ku bigo, bigomba gukomeza ingamba zabyo zo kwirwanaho zijyanye n’igihe. Icyihutirwa mu ngamba ni ukugenzura umwirondoro, API, na algorithms hamwe n’uburyo buhamye bukoreshwa ku mutungo ufatika n’imari.
Amasosiyete afata abakozi n’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’imiterere y’ibyago azaba afite umwanya mwiza wo guhangana n’ikibazo gikurikira. Ababona ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nk’igikoresho cyo gutanga umusaruro gusa bashobora kuvumbura ko ubwisanzure butagira igenzura bucece, ariko bucecetse, byongera ubwiyongere bw’ibikorwa byabo.
